![]() It was said that the content of the “ voice is directly responsible for the person’s behavioural and affective response ” (p. The critical shift in emphasis to “verbal” hallucinations can be precisely dated to the emergence of 2 influential theoretical frameworks in the 1990s.įirst, was the seminal work by Romme and Escher 2 which showed that the restructuring of AH in the form of voices, and as personally meaningful, could have strong therapeutic effects. ![]() 1 Note here the selective emphasis apportioned to the important social communicative role of language, rather than to a phonological structure composed of words and morphemes. Kraepelin observed that hallucinated voices have “ greater convincing power than all other sense deceptions (…) because of the fundamental significance of language in our psychic life ” (p.11). Rise of articles on auditory hallucinations with the term “auditory verbal hallucinations” in the title or keyword since 1984 (in 5 year increments). We propose that this language focus is an epiphenomenon of schizophrenia research, and that researchers need to amend their practice to reinstate non-verbal hallucinations on the research and clinical agenda. We argue here that this selective emphasis has down-graded attention to other forms of AH and has contributed to a misinterpretation of findings. The language focus is clearly important for research and clinical applications, but “auditory processes” and “language” are not synonymous terms. Consequently, AH are now often used interchangeably with terms such as “voices” and “auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH).” A Medline search with the term “auditory verbal hallucinations” shows that this term was rarely used up to 1995, but now comprises one quarter of all publications on AH, with percentages effectively doubling every 5 years ( figure 1 ). A current belief is that AH are fundamentally rooted in language processes, and that these experiences essentially comprise inner speech that is misattributed. Over the past 3 decades, there has been increasing focus on the role of language in auditory hallucinations (AH). Auditory hallucinations, speech, language, verbal
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